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Regulatory framework
In this sense, the PENRH is the set of principles, guidelines, strategies and public instruments that define and guide the actions of public and private sector entities to guarantee attention to the country's water demand.
in the short, medium and long term. It constitutes the conceptual and binding instrument that defines the objectives of national interest to guarantee the sustainable use of water resources. It constitutes the frame of reference within which
The public and private sectors must interact for multisectoral and articulated management, which allows integrated management of water resources within the framework of the country's regionalization and decentralization process.
It is constituted as the basis for the conservation of the environment, seeking to ensure the sustainable, responsible, rational and ethical use of natural resources and the environment that sustains it, in order to contribute to the comprehensive, social, economic and cultural development of the citizenship.
Institutional Framework
Institution responsible for the legal regulations for water governance incorporates the as the governing body of the National Environmental Management System, responsible for formulating, planning, directing, coordinating, executing, supervising and evaluating the National Environmental Policy. Its affiliated institutions are the Office of Environmental Assessment and Supervision (OEFA) and the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service (SENAMHI).
The institution responsible for developing the National Water Resources Policy and Strategy (PENRH), based on the National Environmental Policy. This shared responsibility between the ANA and the MINAM obliges both institutions to work in permanent consultation forums to coordinate the application of the legislation. Manage, conserve, protect and use the water resources of the different basins in a sustainable manner, promoting the culture of water, which is part of the National Environmental Management System. Responsible for the development of the National Water Resources Policy and Strategy, based on the National Environmental Policy.
Responsible for carrying out their functions in smaller territories defined by hydrographic or management basins. For agricultural uses, the irrigation system operators complete the legal institutional framework, which are the user boards and commissions or committees of irrigators, recognized by the competent delegation of the ANA.
The highest institutional hierarchy body and its agreements are binding for all the sectors that comprise it. It has no participation in the decisions of the other bodies of the institution. It is made up of: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, who chairs it; Ministry of the Environment; Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation; Ministry of Energy and Mines.; Ministry of Production; Ministry of Health, National Maritime Authority; Regional governments, elected from the regional governorates; rural municipalities; agricultural user organizations; non-agrarian user organizations; the peasant communities; the native communities.
Regulates and supervises the provision of drinking water and sewage services, approves rates, protects the interests of users, Sanitation Service Providing Entities and the State.
Responsible for the collection, conduction and distribution of the water to which its owners are entitled. Responsible for the operation and maintenance of the hydraulic infrastructure they use.
Social organization of neighbors and users, they are responsible for the operation of water provision service infrastructure in communities and populated centers in rural areas.
Provision of drinking water services, sanitary sewage, wastewater treatment for final disposal or reuse and sanitary disposal of excreta in urban areas. They assume ownership of water use rights in the populations they serve.
They contribute to the planning, financing and execution of works and actions to support the regulation and management of water resources for human consumption, agricultural production and other productive and social uses in the territories under their charge. They are part of the Basin Water Resources Councils, participating in the identification of problems in water management and in the formulation of basin water resources management plans.
The National Water Resources Management System - SNGRH, is a platform made up of all public sector institutions and users that have powers and functions related to water management. Principle 7 of the Water Resources Law of decentralization of management Public water authority and a single authority, points out that for effective public water management, the conduct of the National Water Resources Management System is the responsibility of a single and deconcentrated authority. The SNGRH articulates the actions of all its members to implement , supervise and evaluate, through the National Water Authority, compliance with the National Water Resources Policy and Strategy and the National Water Resources Plan, at the different levels of government, with the participation of organized water users, peasant communities, native communities and hydraulic infrastructure operating entities, taking the country's hydrographic basins as management units.
Peru is among the eight countries with the largest water reserves in the world and the third largest in Latin America, according to data from the Global Water Partnership (GWP). However, in cities such as Lima, where demand is high, much water is wasted due to poor management and deficient infrastructure, exacerbating the future crisis. Higher-income neighborhoods are the biggest contributors to waste, while the poor face daily water shortages.despite abundant reserves, the country has one of the highest consumption rates, approximately 1.7 million liters.
Peru
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According to a World Bank report, thousands of people in Peru do not have access to safe drinking water, exposing them to water insecurity. In remote areas, where access is more difficult, the population resorts to tanker trucks, artesian wells, rivers or springs, paying higher prices for the service.According to the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Risk, through the National Water Authority (ANA), Peru has three springs in its territory, with an annual availability of almost 2 billion cubic meters of water. However, due to our geography, the Pacific watershed, where 66% of the population resides, only has access to 2.2% of the available water.